Ethical issues of drug therapy psychology. , M. Ethics Standard 10. New York: Plenum Press. This paves the way to future large-scale, pragmatic randomized trials that investigate the potential of ethical open-label and dose-extending placebos to improve patients’ outcomes, and reduce side effects. In the current epidemic of opioid use disorders, there is both a scientific and ethical imperative to develop effective medical and behavioral treatments for opioid addiction. Specific guidelines are lacking pertaining to psychiatric research. Peer support Common Therapy Issues. However, evidence has recently emerged suggesting that the efficacy of both types of treatment may have been overestimated, due to several shortcomings of clinical trials, such as publication bias, researcher allegiance, or use of weak comparison Alcohol and other drugs can affect the physical, psychological, mental, social, financial and legal wellbeing of the user, their family and friends, work colleagues, and the wider community. This principle applies to the course of treatment as well as its ending. Behnke, S. Psychotherapy is an English word of Greek origin, deriving from the ancient Greek words ‘psyche’ (ψυχή meaning ‘breath; spirit; soul’) and ‘therapia’ (θεραπεία meaning ‘healing; medical treatment’). Wise practitioners readily identify and reflect on the ethical aspects of their work. It is also possible that the psychological and pharmacological effects of being prescribed these drugs may affect a client's ability and willingness to engage with therapy, their understanding of their difficulties and their relationships with mental health professionals, including therapists (though there is a lack of research on these Apr 7, 2021 · Background information on psychedelic therapy, harm reduction, and integration. E. Empirically based treatments considered efficacious for anxiety disorders largely include cognitive behavioral This manuscript uses available empirical data to inform a discussion of the primary ethical issues raised in mood disorders research. Ethics is an intellectual approach to moral issues, a philosophical framework Mar 22, 2022 · These guidelines address the common ethical and legal issues arising out of common ingredients of psychotherapy. The American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct provides guidance for psychologists in professional, scientific and educational roles. 1993 Sep;38 Suppl 3:S70-4. Two main conceptual issues related to Jun 23, 2020 · Clinicians may use a targeted AP drug therapy for patients who decline continuous AP treatment 2 or establish a relationship with patients that permits early detection of exacerbations where alternative drug strategies may be effective if AP drugs are declined 3 and implement psychosocial interventions and maintenance of clinical relationship According to Meltzoff & Blumenthal (1966), treatment methods such as drug treatment have replaced the degrading treatment of shock therapy and lobotomies, and policies and programs have been established to treat mental disorders (e. It should be noted that virtual reality therapy does help resolve these issues. privacy, delity, altruism, autonomy, and integrity (6, 7). While psychedelics are currently prohibited substances in most countries, the growing popularity of their therapeutic potential is leading many people to use psychedelics on their own rather Nov 29, 2023 · The cognitive model is narrow in scope: Thinking is just one part of human functioning, and broader issues need to be addressed. , & Warner, E. Most counselors have an appreciation for the possibility and diversity of ethical issues, but it’s easy to think they’ll never happen to you. Although counselors and psychologists remain focused in their professional ethics by following ethical standards which are similar; this is not the case in addiction counseling because counselors encounter different situations due to the nature of their counselees. Standards: The standards outline expectations of conduct. Gambling. Guideline 3. The article is an argument that information which comes as a As a counselor, it is my responsibility to uphold ethical standards and ensure the well-being of my clients. Reasons for the Ethics Code’s naturally occurring Assumptions about drugs and the marketing of drug policies. Sloppy bookkeeping lands some psychologists in hot water. Depression: Causes and Amendments to the 2002 “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” in 2010 and 2016. Psychological and psychotropic issues. Positive Ethics. Bowlby's 1944 research illustrates the importance of emotional care in early child development. g, competency and inclusion/exclusion criteria) and new (e. Apr 7, 2016 · The answer is E. Unlike some medical therapies that can be targeted toward specific symptoms, current psychological drug therapies are not so specific; they don’t change particular behaviours or thought processes, and This article addresses the issues of clinical psychologists seeking prescriptive privilege. Patients often welcome drug therapy, as it is quicker, easier, and less threatening than talk therapy. Sep 19, 2023 · Ethical issues and considerations in counseling. Legally speaking, the administration of drugs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is, in fact, bodily injury which enjoys exemption from punishment only when it is justified and the patient has given his consent. Dec 7, 2023 · Counseling Ethics Code: 10 Common Ethical Issues & Studies. 9. [ 4] Positive ethics basically focuses on the constant efforts made by the psychotherapist for Apr 8, 2020 · Participation Must Be Voluntary. This article builds upon a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded scientific meeting held in St. 10. These issues encompass a wide range of topics, including confidentiality, competence, boundaries, and cultural sensitivity. First, the techniques and beliefs propagated by some pseudoscientific therapies can produce harm per se. The research question in this study was: What kind of ethical challenges related to the use of coercion do health care practitioners face in their daily clinical work? Methods We conducted seven Aug 22, 2018 · Psychological barriers are more complicated and challenging to ascertain and mitigate, and it is these psychological barriers that are the focus of the present paper. Ethical dissemination. Psychological, spiritual, and emotional issues can trigger the most educated and experienced therapists within the therapeutic dynamic. Biologic norms of health are unhelpful because of the uncertain relationship between stature, GH secretion, health, and disease. ), Drug policy and human nature: Psychological perspectives on the prevention, management, and treatment of illicit drug abuse (pp. Others view ethics as a list of obligations, such as having an informed consent discussion with patients at the beginning of treatment. Drug therapy is important for reducing costs. Sarah has taught Psychology at the college level and has a master's degree in Counseling Psychology. Until 50 years ago, parents had the legal right to make most decisions for their minor children. At its most basic level, the study and practice of research ethics entails translating core ethical principles, standards, and ideals into effective and ethical research methods tailored to the characteristics of the Sep 9, 2019 · Zimbardo stopped the experiment at that point. Food and Drug Administration updated the black box warning on antidepressant labels with a notice of elevated risk of suicidality among young adult users ages 18 to 24 years. Mental health practitioners working with children and families must attend to several ethical concerns that do not typically come into play with adult clients. Ethics in Screening. The modifiers used in some of the standards of this Ethics Code (e. The current paper has made several recommendations to deal with ethical challenges commonly faced in psychiatric research. We are going to explore drug therapy in relation to reducing addiction. ” This encompasses the imperative to ensure that medical issues are not left untreated and that any treatment plan (e. They involve modifying/interfering with the action of neurotransmitters, in order to increase (agonists) or decrease (antagonists) their activity. Ethical processes in different countries. Despite their potentially serious consequences Apr 13, 2016 · The answer is D. S. Ethical issues: RET is a directive therapy aimed at changing cognitions, sometimes quite forcefully. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242, or phone (202) 336-5510. Feb 19, 2024 · 5 Ways to Manage It in Therapy. e in the short term. The Monitor wants to hear from members about their psychotropic-related knowledge needs (see end note). These include issues of consent and decision-making capacity, including patients’ motivations for participating in research. DeGrandpre (Eds. Legal framework. In daily practice the application of relatively low-risk diagnostic drops ought to represent a part of the commission Request copies of the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct from the APA Order Department, 750 First St. T. Featured Programs. patient should be treated for their mental illness through direct manipulation of their physical bodily processes, for example through drug therapy. Louis in June 2009 that reviewed the Jan 11, 2022 · Mental disorders represent a worldwide public health concern1, 2. Nov 21, 2023 · Uses for Aversion Therapy. The challenges for practitioners usually involve attention to four subsets of concerns that all begin with the letter c: competence, consent, confidentiality, and competing The prevalence of depressive symptoms and the variety of available management options make the ethical consid-erations surrounding the evaluation and treatment of de-pression particularly compelling. Most research has been focused on its benefits relating to substance use Oct 21, 2016 · The chapter presents an overview of ethical and legal issues pertaining to the clinical practice of psychotherapy. The responsible conduct of psychological research is critical to improving our understanding of developmental processes, creating effective treatments and informing public policy. He argues that pharmaceutical companies have an obligation to report all of the data in a truthful way so that patients can make properly informed decisions (McHenry, 2006). (Kangas & Maguire, 2016) . -By Timothy Lyons. , pharmacotherapy) will take the patient’s medical issues into consideration and will not increase the risk of clinical harm. 4 Many ethical challenges cannot be anticipated in advance, but become apparent only concomitantly with research, or even retrospectively. Sep 10, 2003 · The Journal of Clinical Psychology is a clinical psychology & psychotherapy journal devoted to research and practice in clinical psychological science. 30 Jul 2021 by William Smith, Ph. 5 This requires an ‘ethics Jan 22, 2020 · 1. There are examples of researchers being intimidated because of the line of research they are in. It is the contention of the author that nurses have an Nov 9, 2023 · These lead a proportion of patients to discontinue treatment. In W. 35 Moreover, classic psychedelics show a positive safety profile (including Mar 22, 2020 · The four principles plus scope approach to ethical dilemmas offers a culturally neutral and accessible framework (Beauchamp and Childress 2001), and it may be used here to aid thinking about some of the issues that face forensic clinicians when decisions about treatment regimens are being debated. Beck, A. The Ethics Code also outlines standards of professional Despite these challenging experiences during sessions and some risk of lingering negative effects in terms of psychological stress, psilocybin has been rated as among the safest of all so-called “recreational” drugs in terms of risk of harm to oneself or others. Beginning with this issue, and continuing every other month, the APA Monitor on Psychology will feature "Ethics Rounds," in which APA's Ethics Office will answer questions about the ethical issues psychologists most commonly face. Medication can be taken as pills, syrups or injections, and may be taken over Typically, drug therapy aims to reduce the amount of substance the person uses over time through a process known as detoxing, which is a gradual process. the day treatment. The health and social problems resulting from addiction are generally influenced by sociopolitical agendas and prevailing views about Abstract. Soomro et al (2008) reviewed 17 studies of use of SSRIs with OCD and found the, to be more effective than placebos reducing symptoms up to 3 months after i. Research into psychoactive drugs is important to the effective treatment of mental disorders. Some psychologists view the word ethics primarily in the sense of prohi-bitions, such as not plagiarizing or avoiding inappropriate social relationships with patients. Treating people with a disorder that can affect perception, interpretation, and the making of meaning is inherently fertile ground for ethical dilemmas. Oct 23, 2019 · This introductory article to the special section on ethics in psychotherapy highlights the challenges and ethical dilemmas psychotherapists regularly face throughout their careers, and the limits of the American Psychological Association Ethics Code in offering clear guidance for how specifically to respond to each of these situations. Mar 22, 2021 · Ethics are a key part of psychological investigation, as researchers have the responsibility to ensure that their practice is morally correct; ill practice could lead to banning from further practice as a psychologist. The Monster Study is a prime example of an unethical psychology experiment on humans that changed the world. [ 1] The three most important issues for the best ethical practice include positive ethics, risk management, and defensive practice . 3: The answer is A. Violence or anger issues. Wendell Johnson, a psychologist at the University of Iowa, conducted an experiment about stuttering on 22 orphans. This has practical consequences as it leads to a paucity of the research that is essential to support the treatment of this vulnerable group. Study volunteers should not feel coerced, threatened or bribed into participation. In the case of Jimmy, who is a ten-year-old child, complains of anxiety and depression, which are distinct disorders of children who are abused or neglected. Download the PDF for free on ResearchGate. The use of these drugs is rapidly increasing, and drug therapy is now the most common approach to treatment of most psychological disorders. Jun 4, 2023 · SD creates high levels of anxiety when patients are initially exposed, which raises ethical issues and so questions of appropriateness. Dr Leemon McHenry examines ethical issues in pharmacology. They engage, often intuitively and without much fuss, in careful habits—in maintaining therapeutic boundaries, in Dec 8, 2008 · The ethics of psychopharmacological research in legal minors. O deal with this challenge is therefore The Ethics Code Principle A (Beneficence and Nonmaleficence) requires psychologists to “strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm. Therefore, the benefits do outweigh the costs. In psychotherapy, psychologists apply scientifically validated procedures to help people develop healthier, more effective habits. Apr 13, 2016 · The answer is D. Ethical issues, including informed consent and the dehumanizing effects of some treatments. (2002, March 1). 5 billion per year. The prevalence of anxiety disorders is among the highest of all psychiatric diagnoses, with a lifetime morbidity rate of nearly 30 %. Keywords: Expectancy, Conditioning Dec 4, 2014 · Background In recent years, the attention on the use of coercion in mental health care has increased. Flooding (also known as implosion therapy) works by exposing the patient directly to their worst fears. First, we will discuss the drug therapy types. An analysis centering on the ethical concepts of voluntarism, beneficence, and justice is performed, integrating relevant empirical evidence and bioethics principles. Instead, we suggest that GH therapy be evaluated Mar 21, 2017 · Psychologists need to follow the APA’s Ethical Standards of Psychologists and for those clinicians in this field of addiction, being familiar with the Federal regulations – CF 42 part 2. Psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies are recommended as first line treatments3, 4. September 19, 2023. Aversion therapy uses the same principle but changes 8 Ethical Issues. THE ETHICAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH PRIMARILY INVOLVES PROTECTION OF RIGHTS, SAFETY, AND WELL BEING OF THE RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS. Aversion therapy is most commonly used to treat drug and alcohol addictions. , inclusion of suicidal patients and early intervention research). While psychedelic use has thrived for thousands of years in Indigenous cultures and for many decades in underground subcultures, psychedelics are increasingly being encountered in the mainstream in countries around the world, as evidenced by a surge of media attention on the therapeutic use of psychedelics Nov 1, 2012 · Through psychotherapy, psychologists help people of all ages live happier, healthier, and more productive lives. Given this prevalence, it is important to identify effective and ethical treatments. In reality, workers in the substance abuse treatment field are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas on an individual as well as a societal level. All national and international guidelines lay emphasis on the code of conduct to be followed by researchers and the other stakeholders in clinical research to uphold this basic commitment to safeguard the rights and safety of the research participants who play a When they fail, the child can have behavioral, emotional, learning, and perception difficulties throughout their lives (American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, n. Guideline 2. Feb 22, 2021 · It has made therapy more accessible, especially to underserved clients with issues like transportation problems, medical conditions, or childcare worries—all heightened by the pandemic. Drug therapy is one method used to treat patients with mental disorders. They engage, often intuitively and without much fuss, in careful habits—in maintaining therapeutic The series will provide information about drug trends, side effects and problems; new research on existing medication; and descriptions of new classes or methods of drug therapy. Apr 21, 2020 · This scrutiny of psycholegal research is likely to increase as the human rights culture develops in more countries, because courts applying human rights law often make findings that indirectly reflect on the field’s research ethics as psychology’s ethics and human rights law share the same foundation (Allan, 2013). The treatment of individual participants. Abstract Treating adolescents in psychotherapy presents a number of unique ethical challenges. We also limit this paper to medication nonadherence, although in many cases the principles identified apply well to lifestyle recommendations as well as drug therapies. It will be argued that the current paradigm of psychology rejects the neurobiological basis of mental illness and that psychologists prescribing medication presents an ethical dilemma for nurses. Pseudoscientific therapies can directly produce harm. The patient accepts the recommendation to be admitted to the psychiatric unit for a brief stay. We also address drug withdrawals, placebo controls, and the overall safety of research. J. Mental health counselors give patients a safe space to confide private and sensitive information. All ethical research must be conducted using willing participants. ). Aversion therapy can be used to treat a number of problematic behaviors including the following: Bad habits. Psychiatrists who care for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders face specific ethical challenges in their daily work. The psychiatrist has a duty to “first do no harm. Bicket & R. These therapies primarily involve the use of medications but also include direct methods of brain intervention, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psychosurgery. Recommended readings of risk posed by the choice to decline treatment. Some may enter therapy to address major life changes, such as divorce, and others may seek help in managing Apr 15, 2024 · The American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics provides the following ethical guidelines regarding informed consent: “Clients have the freedom to choose whether to enter into or remain in a counseling relationship and need adequate information about the counseling process and the counselor”. Dec 23, 2020 · A researcher may think that a "normal" or "traditional" financial relationship, such as accepting stock or a consulting fee from a drug company that sponsors her research, raises no serious ethical issues. Your psychologist should explain financial policies at the beginning of treatment. Addiction or dependence to a psychoactive substance – or drug – is a biopsychosocial disorder. (1967). Then, we will delve into the various drug therapy psychology examples. Clients trust us with their personal Confidentiality in the treatment of adolescents. 199-220). All remain fluid and continue to evolve as new research approaches are developed and as advances are made in our understanding of schizophrenia. Feb 1, 2024 · Aversion therapy is based on classical conditioning. Some ways to manage transference and countertransference in therapy include the following. According to learning theory, two stimuli become associated when they frequently occur together (pairing). Research in psychopharmacology for children and adolescents is fraught with ethical problems and tensions. Psychologists are encouraged to recognize ways in which their attitudes and beliefs about aging and about older adults may be relevant to their assessment and treatment of older adults, and to seek consultation or further education about these issues when indicated. The four principles comprise autonomy Dec 7, 2023 · The research team. “For the first time in 30 years, the Department of Health and Human Dec 18, 2023 · American Psychological Association's Study Participants and Informed Consent: This article goes into further detail about the ethical obligations of researchers to obtain informed consent. Discuss screening of group members from an ethical perspective. ”. Apr 7, 2021 · Psychedelic-assisted therapy may represent an upcoming paradigm shift in the treatment of mental health problems as recent clinical trials have demonstrated strong evidence of their therapeutic benefits. Oct 18, 2018 · The Limits of Confidentiality: Informed Consent and Psychotherapy. Much of what is included in this article is elaborated on in these documents. There are several approaches to psychotherapy—including cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and In the United States, confidentiality, particularly with respect to sensitive issues such as reproductive health care and substance abuse, has become a well-established tradition, grounded in law, ethics, and clinical practice. The rights of PWMI are at par with the fundamental rights of human beings and need to be clearly talked about as they Nov 10, 2005 · The ethical issues in schizophrenia research are both longstanding (e. Conclusion. Research in subject populations with active and ongoing drug addictions bring unique ethical considerations and challenges. The ethical guidelines are utmost needed for Indian psychiatric research. These disclosures allow patients to receive proper treatment and improve their mental health. A. Others get in trouble because they try to manipulate the system to get clients more benefits than they’re entitled to. People pursue counseling and therapy for a variety of reasons. Antipsychotic drugs (drugs used to reduce the intensity of the symptoms) are the most common treatment for schizophrenia. salso suggest there are 4 main ethical concerns when conducting SSR: The research question or hypothesis. The field therefore faces Ethical Issues in Addiction Counseling. 1. These ethical imperatives include respect for law, bene cence, compassion, non-. Based on the view that mental illnesses are like physical illnesses and therefore can be treated in a physical way. Influence of funding body. The objective of the current report is to highlight ethical considerations related to the use of long-acting antipsychotic medications. This becomes especially important for researchers working at universities or prisons, where students and inmates are often encouraged to participate in experiments. Feb 14, 2023 · The APA code of ethics is composed of key principles and ethical standards: Principles: The principles are intended as a guide to help inspire psychologists as they work in their profession, whether they are working in mental health, in research, or in business. Treatment – Flooding AO1. P – Drug therapy can be unethical because even though consent may be given, it may not be valid/informed. Some drugs cause dependency. Abstract. Food and Drug Administration's Information Sheet on Informed Consent: This includes a digital download of how to draft an informed consent sheet of your own. Feb 17, 1989 · Pediatricians face clinical and ethical dilemmas about therapy to augment growth in short children who do not meet classic criteria for growth hormone (GH) deficiency. McCrone report 2008 found the direct cost of mental health issues in England is 22. Jan 1, 2014 · Abstract. Sound ethical decision making is essential to astute and compassionate clinical care. Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacy, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario. Feb 16, 2010 · Major ethical frameworks. Writing an ethics application. Addictions. Jun 15, 2020 · Learn about the ethical challenges and dilemmas in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) from this comprehensive chapter. References. Informed refusal of a recommended treatment is always ethical because it is, by law, the patient’s right. There are a number of important issues that researchers should be mindful of when undertaking investigations, with regards to the selection and subsequent treatment of their Your psychologist has an ethical obligation to bill patients and insurers accurately. L – Even though drug therapy is unethical due the risk of harm, some mental illnesses are worse than the side effects of drug therapy and may save a patient’s life. g. Addiction-specific ethical issues. Sound, ethical decision making is essential to astute and compassionate clinical care. 10 (Terminating Therapy) specifically addresses terminations as follows: The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 (MHCA 2017), [ 1] explicitly talks about the rights of patients with mental illness (PWMI) and lays down the ethical and legal responsibilities of mental health professionals and the government. We conclude that placebos without deception would override ethical barriers to their clinical use. A common misconception is that the ‘addictive’ nature of certain substances causes them to be harmful. In 2007, the U. D. For some, this may be considered an unethical approach. In many cases (such Dec 24, 2015 · Ethical Issues in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The institution in which the research is conducted. Here's some of what the In this paper, we review what is community-engaged research (CEnR), how CEnR may improve our ability to address such ethical and social issues, and how CEnR may improve the quality of science. The use of coercion is common and controversial, and involves many complex ethical challenges. The Monster Study (1939). Biomedical therapies are treatments designed to reduce psychological disorder by influencing the action of the central nervous system. The use of any substance which affects the mind Sep 18, 2018 · A major criticism is that it would be unfit to evaluate certain kinds of research, most prominently qualitative research projects covering interviews and observational studies. Smoking. Jul 13, 2016 · Laura Weiss Roberts, M. Studies in behaviorism with the use of internal events to discriminate medication side effects is one way that science uses combining drug therapy and psychotherapy and a combination of biological and psychological factors to determine medication efficacy, potency and gain valuable data on receptor selectivity. d. Or perhaps a university administrator sees no ethical problem in taking a large gift with strings attached from a pharmaceutical company. Ethics is a term that can imply lofty, philosophical discussions, far removed from the everyday world. Learn if drug therapy Oct 10, 2019 · Aversion therapy is most known for treating people with addictive behaviors, like those found in alcohol use disorder. Confidentiality is one of the fundamental ethical principles in counseling. K. Alcoholism. Scientifically reviewed by Gabriella Lancia, Ph. The introduction of neuroleptics over 40 years ago was a landmark in medical history. Psychologists are encouraged to increase their Jan 1, 2014 · Abstract. The issues and recommendations merit a further discussion and consideration. Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) In further justifying the use of placebo, some ethicists have contended that all failures to use effective therapy are not equal, and that placebo/or untreated controls may be used in the following situations: Where the treatment does not affect the patient's long-term health; and in the study of drugs for illnesses that may be self-limiting or The biological approach assumes that psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia have a physiological cause. Many aspects of addiction can be clinically treated, yet this raises some important ethical issues. Although effective, antipsychotics have many side-effects, some severe. However most studies are only 3-4 months and little long-term data exists (Koran et al, 2007) Ethical issues in drug selection for schizophrenia. , reasonably, appropriate, potentially) are in-cluded in the standards when they would (1 Randomised control trial is used to compare effectiveness of drug vs placebo. Jan 30, 2014 · These side effects can be physical and include fatigue, blurred vision, gastric disorders, headaches, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, risk of cardiac disorders, and weight gain. The PCP has an ethical obligation to disclose, as truthfully as possible, the risks of treatment to this patient. One of the most famous tragic Apr 8, 2018 · Abstract. The interventional psychiatrist establishes a treatment plan in which the pa- Ethical issues in pharmacology. Aug 12, 2022 · Following the triangulation of different perspectives (researchers, REB members and ethics experts), emerging ethical issues were synthesized in ten units of meaning: (1) research integrity, (2) conflicts of interest, (3) respect for research participants, (4) lack of supervision and power imbalances, (5) individualism and performance, (6 engage in the therapy. For example, in addiction, the drug, alcohol, or behavior in the case of gambling becomes associated with pleasure and high arousal. 1 However, counselors face serious ethical dilemmas when clients share information . en mz en oj bb ah vm lv py ck